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A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi).〔(CIA World Factbook ) Updated 9 April 2009.〕 From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional. ==Characteristics== Coastal fishing villages are often somewhat isolated, and sited around a small natural harbour which provides safe haven for a village fleet of fishing boats. The village needs to provide a safe way of landing fish and securing boats when they are not in use.〔Sciortino, J. A., Barcali, A. & Carlesi, M. (1995)(''Construction and maintenance of artisanal fishing harbours and village landings'' ) FAO Training Series 25, Rome.〕 Fishing villages may operate from a beach, particularly around lakes. For example, around parts of Lake Malawi, each fishing village has its own beach. If a fisherman from outside the village lands fish on the beach, he gives some of the fish to the village headman.〔FAO (1993) (''Fisheries management in south-east Lake Malawi'' ) Chambo Fisheries Research Project, Technical paper 21. Rome〕 Village fishing boats are usually characteristic of the stretch of coast along which they operate. Traditional fishing boats evolve over time to meet the local conditions, such as the materials available locally for boat building, the type of sea conditions the boats will encounter, and the demands of the local fisheries. Some villages move out onto the water itself, such as the floating fishing villages of Ha Long Bay in Vietnam, the stilt houses of Tai O built over tidal flats near Hong Kong,〔(Tai O Fishing Village )〕 and the kelong found in waters off Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia. Other fishing villages are built on floating islands, such as the Phumdi on Loktak Lake in India, and the Uros on Lake Titicaca which borders Peru and Bolivia. Apart from catching fish, fishing villages often support enterprises typically found in other types of village, such as village crafts, transport, schools and health clinics, housing and community water supplies. In addition, there are enterprises that are natural to fishing villages, such as fish processing and marketing, and the building and maintenance of boats. Until the 19th century, some villagers supplemented their incomes with wrecking〔Bathurst, Bella (2005)''The Wreckers: a Story of Killing Seas, False Lights, and Plundered Shipwrecks''. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin ISBN 978-0-618-41677-6〕 (taking valuables from nearby shipwrecks) and smuggling.〔Smith, Joshua M. (2006) ''Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783–1820'' Gainesville: University Press of Florida ISBN 0-8130-2986-4.〕〔Waugh, Mary, (1985) ''Smuggling in Kent and Sussex 1700–1840'' Countryside Books (updated 2003) ISBN 0-905392-48-5〕 File:Po Toi O.jpg|Po Toi O is a small active fishing village at Clear Water Bay Peninsula near Hong Kong File:Port Isaac 2.jpg|Port Isaac, a historic fishing village on the north coast of Cornwall File:Polperro 5.jpg|Polperro, on the south coast of Cornwall, has been an active fishing and smuggling port since the 12th century CE File:sayulita-nanzalview.jpg|Sayulita off the west coat of Mexico, is a fishing village and tourist resort In less developed countries, some traditional fishing villages persist in ways that have changed little from earlier times.〔Tietze, U., Groenewold, G. & Marcoux, A. (2000)(''Demographic change in coastal fishing communities and its implications for the coastal environment'' ) FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 403. Rome.〕 In more developed countries, traditional fishing villages are changing due to socioeconomic factors like industrial fishing and urbanization. Over time, some fishing villages outgrow their original function as artisanal fishing villages. Seven hundred years ago, Shanghai, beside the Yangtze River delta, was a small fishing village.〔(Shanghai was once a seaside fishing village ) Streetdirectory.com. Retrieved 20 April 2009.〕 In recent times, fishing villages have been increasingly targeted for tourist and leisure enterprises. Recreational fishing and leisure boat pursuits can be big business these days, and traditional fishing villages are often well positioned to take advantage of this. For example, Destin on the coast of Florida, has evolved from an artisanal fishing village into a seaside resort dedicated to tourism with a large fishing fleet of recreational charter boats.〔(History of the World’s Luckiest Fishing Village ) The Destin Area Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 21 April 2009.〕 The tourist appeal of fishing villages has become so big that the Korean government is purpose-building 48 fishing villages for their tourist drawing power.〔Henderson J C (2002) ("Tourism and Politics in the Korean Peninsula" ) ''The Journal of Tourism Studies'', 13 (2).〕 In 2004 China reported it had 8,048 fishing villages.〔Zhijie G, Yingliang X, Xiangguo Z, Yong W, Daobo A and Sugiyama S (2008) (''Review of fishery information and data collection systems in China'' ) FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1029, p. 46. Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-105979-1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fishing village」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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